Phase Transitions for Flat adS Black Holes

We reexamine the thermodynamics of adS black holes with Ricci flat horizons using the adS soliton as the thermal background. We find that there is a phase transition which is dependent not only on the temperature, but also on the black hole area, which is an independent parameter. As in the spherical adS black hole, this phase transition is related via the adS/CFT correspondence to a confinement-deconfinement transition in the large N gauge theory on the conformal boundary at infinity.Comment: 5 pages, Revtex, no figures. Minor changes, typos corrected, some references adde

A mathematical theory of semantic development in deep neural networks

An extensive body of empirical research has revealed remarkable regularities in the acquisition, organization, deployment, and neural representation of human semantic knowledge, thereby raising a fundamental conceptual question: what are the theoretical principles governing the ability of neural networks to acquire, organize, and deploy abstract knowledge by integrating across many individual experiences? We address this question by mathematically analyzing the nonlinear dynamics of learning in deep linear networks. We find exact solutions to this learning dynamics that yield a conceptual explanation for the prevalence of many disparate phenomena in semantic cognition, including the hierarchical differentiation of concepts through rapid developmental transitions, the ubiquity of semantic illusions between such transitions, the emergence of item typicality and category coherence as factors controlling the speed of semantic processing, changing patterns of inductive projection over development, and the conservation of semantic similarity in neural representations across species. Thus, surprisingly, our simple neural model qualitatively recapitulates many diverse regularities underlying semantic development, while providing analytic insight into how the statistical structure of an environment can interact with nonlinear deep learning dynamics to give rise to these regularities

Exact solutions to the nonlinear dynamics of learning in deep linear neural networks

Despite the widespread practical success of deep learning methods, our theoretical understanding of the dynamics of learning in deep neural networks remains quite sparse. We attempt to bridge the gap between the theory and practice of deep learning by systematically analyzing learning dynamics for the restricted case of deep linear neural networks. Despite the linearity of their input-output map, such networks have nonlinear gradient descent dynamics on weights that change with the addition of each new hidden layer. We show that deep linear networks exhibit nonlinear learning phenomena similar to those seen in simulations of nonlinear networks, including long plateaus followed by rapid transitions to lower error solutions, and faster convergence from greedy unsupervised pretraining initial conditions than from random initial conditions. We provide an analytical description of these phenomena by finding new exact solutions to the nonlinear dynamics of deep learning. Our theoretical analysis also reveals the surprising finding that as the depth of a network approaches infinity, learning speed can nevertheless remain finite: for a special class of initial conditions on the weights, very deep networks incur only a finite, depth independent, delay in learning speed relative to shallow networks. We show that, under certain conditions on the training data, unsupervised pretraining can find this special class of initial conditions, while scaled random Gaussian initializations cannot. We further exhibit a new class of random orthogonal initial conditions on weights that, like unsupervised pre-training, enjoys depth independent learning times. We further show that these initial conditions also lead to faithful propagation of gradients even in deep nonlinear networks, as long as they operate in a special regime known as the edge of chaos.Comment: Submission to ICLR2014. Revised based on reviewer feedbac

Reviving Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation: An Agenda for Action

In this article, we examine in detail the reasons related to the declining operating and financial performance of Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC). The contribution of various environmental and governance issues related to the decline of GSRTC are identified. Based on the diagnosis, a detailed revival plan consisting of a set of actions to be undertaken by the management is proposed. The responsibilities of the government, the management, and the employees in implementing the revival plan are briefly discussed. This article concludes with set of strategic priorities that need to be examined by government in reviving GSTRC and other similar state-owned public utilities.

Tinjauan Yuridis Penyelesaian Sengketa Kepailitan terhadap Adanya Klausul Arbitrase

Research review of juridical dispute resolution bankruptcy against the existence of the arbitration clause, have the problem of how the basic dispute resolution Authority Bankruptcy and Insolvency with dispute resolution arbitration clause based on the principle of Pacta Sunt Servanda. This research uses the normative research methods to analyze legislation related to bankruptcy dispute resolution in Indonesia. From this research it can be noted that with the enactment of Act No. 37 of the year 2004, then bankruptcy dispute resolution authority is the authority of the courts of Commerce according to article 1 of law No. 37 number 7 Year 2004 where it determines that the article in question in court in Act No. 37 of the year 2004 is the Commerce Court. Furthermore, problems associated with the bankruptcy dispute resolution based on the existence of an agreement between the two sides in agreement that acknowledged the existence of the arbitration clause as an attempt of dispute resolution in accordance with the principle of pacta sunt servanda, then the issue of dispute settlement, bankruptcy court but no longer authorized commercial arbitration institutions is authorized. This is because as one form of high penjunjungan the legal principles of the agreement, namely the principle of pacta sunt servanda that diimpelementasikan in the provision of article article 3 Law Number 30 of 1999 on alternative dispute resolution and Arbitration, stating that the State Court is not uthorized to adjudicate disputes of parties who have been bound in the arbitration agreement. Keywords : bankruptcy, arbitration, the principle pacta sunt servand

Structural, optical and nanomechanical properties of (1 1 1) oriented nanocrystalline ZnTe thin films

Structural, optical and nanomechanical properties of nanocrystalline Zinc Telluride (ZnTe) films of thickness upto 10 microns deposited at room temperature on borosilicate glass substrates are reported. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that the films were preferentially oriented along the (1 1 1) direction. The maximum refractive index of the films was 2.74 at a wavelength of 2000 nm. The optical band gap showed strong thickness dependence. The average film hardness and Young’s modulus obtained from loaddisplacement curves and analyzed by Oliver-Pharr method were 4 and 70 GPa respectively. Hardness of (1 1 1) oriented ZnTe thin films exhibited almost 5 times higher value than bulk. The studies show clearly that the hardness increases with decreasing indentation size, for indents between 30 and 300 nm in depth indicating the existence of indentation size effect. The coefficient of friction for these films as obtained from the nanoscratch test was ∼0.4.Financial support in the form of fellowships to MSRNK and SK from the ACRHEM project of DRDO is acknowledged

PENGARUH PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL, KEJELASAN SASARAN ANGGARAN DAN PERGANTIAN KEPALA SKPD TERHADAP AKUNTABILITAS KINERJA PADA SATUAN KERJA PERANGKAT DAERAH PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur besaran pengaruh yang dihasilkan dari pengendalian internal (PI), kejelasan sasaran anggaran (KSA) dan pergantian kepala SKPD (PKS) terhadap akuntabilitas kinerja (AK) pada satuan kerja perangkat daerah (SKPD) Provinsi Sumatera Utara Pada Tahun 2017. Sampel pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 pegawai dari 20 SKPD yang melakukan fungsi akuntansi dan penggunaan anggaran pada SKPD tersebut, sehingga diperoleh total sampel sebanyak 60 pengamatan. Penganalisaan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan program SPSS. Data yang digunakan merupakan data primer yang dihasilkan dari penyebaran kuesioner ataupun interview kepada para pegawai. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PI, KSA dan PKS memilki pengaruh terhadap AK, PI berpengaruh positif terhadap AK, KSA berpengaruh positif terhadap AK, PKS berpengaruh negatif terhadap AK.Kata Kunci: pengendalian internal, kejelasan sasaran anggaran, pergantian kepala SKPD, akuntabilitas kinerja

Editorial Focus: An ACE Inhibitor Improves Vascular Outcomes in a PKD Model

Cardiovascular complications are the most common cause of death in patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Within the context of clinical practice, two possible theories have been reviewed that could help describe the pathogenesis of vascular complications in PKD (7)